Text 3
College life in England
The University of Oxford
is a collection of colleges. Some of these colleges were founded hundreds of
years ago. The University is only an administrative center which arrange
lectures for all the students of the colleges, holds examinations and gives
degrees.
Every college has students of all
kinds; it has its medical students, its engineers, its art students, etc.
The Tutorial system is one of the ways
in which Oxford and Cambridge differ from all other English universities. Every
student has a tutor who plans his work. Each week some students come to see him
and he discusses with them the work which they have done. This system has some
advantages, but has often operated against progressive thinking in British
universities because many tutors are reactionary and they try to have a great
social and political influence on their students.
Other English universities called
“modern” or “provincial” are located in large centers of industry. There are no
tutorial systems there. These universities rely on lectures.
Very few children of the working people
can be found among the students of all the British universities because the
cost of studies is too high. According to official reports only 3 per cent of
the whole number of students at the universities are sons and daughters of the
working people.
The academic year in England is divided
into three terms. Terminal examinations are held at the end of the autumn,
spring and the summer terms. Final examinations are taken at the end of the
course of studies. If a student fails in an examination he may be allowed to
take the exam again. Only two re-examinations are usually allowed. For a break
of discipline a student can be fined a sum of money, for a serious offence he
may be expelled from the university.
British universities usually keep to
the customs of the past. At Oxford University all the students wear long black
gowns and students’ caps. Undergraduates try to get old gowns so that people
would think that they have been at Oxford for years. Without his or her gown no
student is allowed to call on a tutor, to have dinner in the college
dining-room or attend a lecture – where the gowns are rolled up and used as
cushions.
Questions
1) In what way do Oxford and Cambridge
differ from all other English universities?
2) What are advantages and
disadvantages of the Tutorial system?
3) What kinds of English universities
are called “modern”?
4) Can many children of the working
people be found among the students at English universities?
5) How many terms is the academic year
in England divided into?
6) How are the students of Oxford
usually dressed?
Перевод текста
Университетская жизнь в
Англии
Оксфордский университет – это собрание
колледжей, часть которых была основана несколько столетий назад. Университет
является лишь административным центром, который устраивает для студентов
лекции, принимает экзамены и присваивает степени.
В каждом колледже есть
студенты всех специальностей: медицины, инженерии, искусства и т.д.
Одним из отличий Оксфорда и
Кембриджа от других университетов Англии является университетская система
обучения под контролем наставника. У каждого студента есть свой наставник,
который планирует его работу. Каждую неделю студенты видятся с ним и обсуждают
результаты проделанной работы. У такой системы имеются определенные
достоинства, но она часто выступает против прогрессивного мышления в британских
университетах, т.к. многие реакционно-настроенные наставники пытаются оказывать
на студентов социальное и политическое влияние. Другие университеты Англии,
именуемые современными или провинциальными, размещены в больших промышленных
центрах. Там нет такой системы. Эти университеты полагаются на лекции.
Во всех британских
университетах очень мало детей из рабочих семей, что объясняется высокой
стоимостью обучения. Согласно официальным данным только 3 % всех студентов
являются детьми семей рабочих.
Академический год в Англии
разделен на три семестра. Семестровые экзамены проводятся в конце осеннего
семестра, весеннего и летнего. Заключительные экзамены проводятся в конце курса
обучения. Если студент не сдаст какой-либо экзамен, ему могут разрешить его пересдать.
Обычно разрешено только две пересдачи.
За нарушение дисциплины студента могут оштрафовать, за серьезный
проступок – исключить из университета.
Британские университеты
обычно следуют традициям прошлого. В Оксфордском университете все студенты
носят длинные черные мантии и студенческие кепки. Студенты последнего курса
пытаются приобрести старые мантии, чтобы люди могли думать, что они в Оксфорде
учатся несколько лет. Без мантии ни одному студенту не разрешено посещать
наставника, обедать в столовой колледжа, посещать лекции – где мантию
сворачивают и используют как подушку.
Задания
1. Прочитайте текст и
письменно ответьте по-английски на вопросы, следующие за текстом.
Ответ
1) The Tutorial system is one of the
ways in which Oxford and Cambridge differ from all other English universities.
2) The advantages of Tutorial system
are: a tutor plans work of student, you can discuss with them the work which
you have done. Disadvantages of the Tutorial system is operating against
progressive thinking in British universities because many tutors are
reactionary and they try to have a great social and political influence on
their students.
3) “Modern” English universities are
universities which are located in large centers of industry. There are no
tutorial systems there. These universities rely on lectures.
4) No. Very few children of the working
people can be found among the students of all the British universities because
the cost of studies is too high.
5) The academic year in England is
divided into three terms.
6) At Oxford University all the
students wear long black gowns and students’ caps.
2. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения, в которых
употреблены модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
Ответ
Very few children of the working people
can be found among the students of all the British universities because the
cost of studies is too high – Во всех
британских университетах очень мало детей
из рабочих семей, что объясняется высокой стоимостью обучения.
If a student fails in an examination he
may be allowed to take the exam again – Если студент не сдаст
какой-либо экзамен, ему могут разрешить
его пересдать.
Only two re-examinations are usually
allowed – Обычно разрешено только две пересдачи.
For a break of discipline a student can
be fined a sum of money, for a serious offence he may be expelled from the
university – За нарушение дисциплины студента могут оштрафовать, за серьезный проступок – исключить из университета.
Without his or her gown no student is
allowed to call on a tutor, to have dinner in the college dining-room or attend
a lecture – where the gowns are rolled up and used as cushions – Без мантии
ни одному студенту не разрешено
посещать наставника, обедать в столовой колледжа, посещать лекции – где мантию сворачивают
и используют как подушку.
3. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения, в которых
употреблены неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные.
Ответ
Some of these colleges were founded
hundreds of years ago – Некоторые из
этих колледжей были основаны сотни лет назад.
Every college has students of all
kinds; it has its medical students, its engineers, its art students, etc – В каждом
колледже есть студенты всех специализаций: медицины, инженерии, художественного искусства.
Every student has a tutor who plans his work – У каждого студента есть наставник, планирующий
его работу.
Each week some students come to see him
and he discusses with them the work which they have done – Каждую неделю
студенты встречаются с ним и
обсуждают проделанную работу.
This system has some advantages, but
has often operated against progressive thinking in British universities because
many tutors are reactionary and they try to have a great social and political
influence on their students – Такая
система имеет определенные достоинства, но часто
выступает против прогрессивного мышления в британских университетах, т.к. многие реакционно-настроенные наставники
пытаются оказывать на студентов социальное и политическое влияние.
Without his or her gown no student is
allowed to call on a tutor, to have dinner in the college dining-room or attend
a lecture – where the gowns are rolled up and used as cushions - Без мантии
ни одному студенту не разрешено
посещать наставника, обедать в столовой колледжа, посещать лекции – где мантию сворачивают
и используют как подушку.
4. Выпишите из текста все
глаголы и образуйте от них причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени;
переведите их на русский язык.
Ответ
Found
– founding (ocновывающий) – founded (основанный);
Arrange
– arranging (устраивающий) - arranged (устроенный);
Hold – holding (проводящий) – held (проведенный);
Give –
giving (дающий) – gave (данный);
Have –
having (имеющий) – had (поимевший);
Plan – planning (планирующий) – planed (распланированный);
Differ
– differing (отличающий) – differed (отличенный);
Come –
coming (приходящий) – came (пришедший);
See –
seeing (видящий) – saw (увиденный);
Discuss
– discussing (обсуждаемый) – discussed (обсужденный);
Do – doing (делающий) – did (сделанный);
Operate
– operating (выступающий) – operated (выступивший);
Try –
trying (пытающийся) – tried (испытанный);
Locate
– locating (размещающийся) – located (размещенный);
Rely
on – relying on (полагающийся) - relied on (положившийся);
Find –
finding (ищущий) – found (искавший);
Divide
– dividing (разделяющий) – divided (разделенный);
Take –
taking (берущий) – took (взятый);
Fail – failing (проваливающий) – failed (проваленный);
Fine – fining (штрафующий) – fined (оштрафованный);
Expel – expelling (исключающий) – expelled (исключенный);
Keep – keeping (сохраняющий) – keep (сохраненный);
Wear –
wearing (носящий) – wearied (сношенный);
Get – getting (получающий) – got (полученный);
Think-
thinking (думая) – thought (обдуманный);
Call –
calling (вызывающий) – called (вызванный);
Attend
– attending (посещающий) – attended (посещенный);
Role
up – rolling up (скатывающий) - rolled up (скатанный);
Use –
using used;
5. Поставьте глагол-сказуемое одного предложения из текста во все временные
формы группы Perfect, произведя все необходимые смысловые изменения.
Образец: He has just translated the text.
He had translated the
text before the bell rang.
He will have translated
the text by tomorrow.
Ответ
The academic year in England has been just
divided into three terms.
The academic year in England had been
divided into three terms.
The academic year in England will have
been divided into three terms.
6. Найдите в тексте и переведите на русский язык предложения, сказуемые
которых употреблены в страдательном залоге.
Some of these colleges were founded
hundreds of years ago – Некоторые
из этих колледжей были основаны
столетия назад.
Other English universities called “modern” or “provincial” are located in large centers of industry – Другие университеты Англии, именуемые
современными или провинциальными, размещены в больших промышленных центрах.
Very few children of the working people
can be found among the students of all the British universities because the
cost of studies is too high – Во
всех британских университетах можно найти
очень немного студентов из семей
рабочих.
The academic year in England is divided
into three terms – Академический год
в Англии разделен на три семестра.
Terminal examinations are held at the
end of the autumn, spring and the summer terms – Семестровые экзамены проводятся в конце осеннего семестра, весеннего и летнего.
Final examinations are taken at the end
of the course of studies – Заключительные
экзамены проводятся в конце курса
обучения.
Only two re-examinations are usually
allowed – Разрешено только две
пересдачи.
For a break of discipline a student can
be fined a sum of money, for a serious offence he may be expelled from the
university – За нарушение дисциплины студента могут оштрафовать, за серьезный проступок – исключить из университета.
Without his or her gown no student is
allowed to call on a tutor, to have dinner in the college dining-room or attend
a lecture – where the gowns are rolled up and used as cushions- Без мантии
ни одному студенту не разрешено
посещать наставника, обедать в столовой колледжа, посещать лекции – где мантию сворачивают
и используют как подушку.
.Упражнения
1. Заполните пропуски
модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами:
1) She … play chess well. 2) … I take
your pen? 3) … I ask you a question? 4) You … not talk at the lesson. 5) He …
not speak English last year. 6) My sister … not play piano two years ago, but
now she … . 7) You … get this novel in our library. 8) I … go to the library
today to prepare for my report at the conference. 9) … you do me a favour?
Ответ
1) She can play chess well. 2) May I
take your pen? 3) May I ask you a question? 4) You must not talk at the lesson.
5) He could not speak English last year. 6) My sister was not able to play
piano two years ago, but now she can. 7) You can get this novel in our library.
8) I have to go to the library today to prepare for my report at the
conference. 9) May you do me a favour?
2. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
Образец: He can play chess well.
Can he play chess well?
He can’t play chess well.
1) We must tell her this news. 2) He
may smoke here. 3) She can speak English perfectly. 4) The students must
translate the text at home. 5) We can go to the theatre tonight. 6) We shall be
able to help them. 7) They had to wait for a long time. 8) His friend couldn’t
get this book. 9) You were allowed to take this book home. 10) May I go home
now? 11) They were allowed to come at four.
Ответ
1) We must tell her this news; Must we
tell her this news?; We mustn’t tell her this news.2) He may smoke here; May he
smoke here?; He mayn’t smoke here.3) She can speak English perfectly; Can she
speak English perfectly?; She can’t speak English perfectly . 4) The students
must translate the text at home; Must the students translate the text at home?; The students
mustn’t translate the text at home 5) We can go to the theatre tonight; Can we
go to the theatre tonight?; We can’t go to the theatre tonight.6) We shall be
able to help them. Shall we be able to help them?; We shall not be able to help
them. 7) They had to wait for a long
time; Had to wait them for a long time?; They hadn’t to wait for a long time.
8) His friend couldn’t get this book. Couldn’t his friend get this book?; His
friend couldn’t get this book. 9) You were allowed to take this book home; Were
he allowed to take this book home?; You weren’t allowed to take this book home.
10) May I go home now?; I may go home now, do I?; I mayn’t go home now. 11)
They were allowed to come at four; Where
they allowed to come at four?; They weren’t allowed to come at four.
3. Употребите глаголы, данные
в скобках, в Present Perfect:
1)
I (speak) to him about it
several times.
2)
We (learn) many new words in
this course.
3)
He (make) that same mistake
several times.
4)
I (hear) that story before.
5)
I am afraid that I (lose) my
car keys.
6)
She (see) this film three
times.
7)
I (tell) John what you said.
8)
She (return) my book at last.
9)
She says that she (lose) her
new pocket-book.
Ответ
1)
I have spoken to him about it
several times.
2)
We have learned many new words
in this course.
3)
He has made that same mistake
several times.
4)
I have heard that story before.
5)
I am afraid that I have lost my
car keys.
6)
She has seen this film three
times.
7)
I have told John what you said.
8)
She has returned my book at last.
9) She says that she has lost her new pocket-book.
4. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Perfect:
1)
I was sure that I (see) the man
before.
2)
I asked him why he (leave) the
party so early.
3)
It was clear that he (give) us
the wrong address.
4)
The teacher corrected the
exercises which I (prepare).
5)
He knew that he (make) a
serious mistake.
6)
She said she (look) everywhere
for the book.
7)
I felt that I (meet) the man
somewhere before.
8)
He wanted to know what (happen)
to this briefcase.
Ответ
1)
I was sure that I had seen the
man before.
2)
I asked him why he had left the
party so early.
3)
It was clear that he had given
us the wrong address.
4)
The teacher corrected the
exercises which I had prepared.
5)
He knew that he had made a
serious mistake.
6)
She said she had looked
everywhere for the book.
7)
I felt that I had met the man
somewhere before.
8) He wanted to know what had happened to this briefcase.
5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Future Perfect:
1)
I am sure they (complete) the
new road by June.
2)
He says that before he leaves
he (see) every show in town.
3)
By the time you arrive, I
(finish) reading your book.
4)
I (be) in this country two
years on next January.
5)
A year from now he (take) his
medical examinations and (begin) to practise.
6)
If you don’t make a note of
that appointment, you (forget) it by next week.
Ответ
1)
I am sure they will have
completed the new road by June.
2)
He says that before he leaves
he will have seen every show in town.
3)
By the time you arrive, I will
have finished reading your book.
4)
I will have been in this
country two years on next January.
5)
A year from now he will have
taken his medical examinations and will have begun to practise.
6) If you don’t make a note of that appointment, you will have
forgotten it by next week.
6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:
1)
There are some extra chairs in
the next room.
2)
He made some mistakes in
spelling.
3)
They have some pretty dresses
in that store.
4)
The teacher taught us some
important rules of grammar.
5)
We learned some new words in
class yesterday.
6)
There are some flowers in the
yellow vase.
7)
The doctor gave her some pills
to take.
8)
I bought some stamps at the
post-office.
9)
He told us about some of his
experiences.
Ответ
1)
There are some extra chairs in
the next room; Are there some extra chairs in the next room; There aren’t some
extra chairs in the next room;
2)
He made some mistakes in
spelling; Did he make some mistakes in spelling?; He didn’t make some mistakes
in spelling.
3)
They have some pretty dresses
in that store; Have they some pretty dresses in that store?; They haven’t some
pretty dresses in that store.
4)
The teacher taught us some
important rules of grammar; Did the teacher teach us some important rules of
grammar?; The teacher didn’t teach us some important rules of grammar.
5)
We learned some new words in
class yesterday; Did we learn some new words in class yesterday?; We didn’t
learn some new words in class yesterday.
6) There
are some flowers in the yellow vase; Are there some flowers in the yellow
vase?; There aren’t some flowers in the yellow vase.
7) The doctor gave her some pills to take; Did the doctor give her
some pills to take?; The doctor didn’t give her some pills to take.
8) I bought some stamps at the post-office. Did I buy some stamps at
the post-office?; I didn’t buy some stamps at the post-office.
9) He told us about some of his experiences. Did he tell us about
some of his experiences?; He didn’t tell us about some of his experiences.
7. Заполните пропуски местоимениями some или any. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1)
You will need … warm clothes
there.
2)
I don’t have … money with me.
3)
Please, give me … more coffee.
– I’m sorry, but there isn’t … more coffee.
4)
I’m sorry, but I didn’t have …
time to prepare my lessons last night.
5)
I didn’t have … stamps, so I
went to the post-office to buy … .
6)
Please, put … water in that
vase, the flowers are dying.
7)
There are … famous museums in
that city but we didn’t have time to visit …
8)
The doctor gave me … medicine
for my cough.
9)
There aren’t … students in the
room at the moment.
Ответ
1) You will need any warm clothes there – Там ему
понадобится любая теплая одежда.
2) I don’t have some money with me – У меня нет с собой
денег.
3) Please, give me some more coffee. – I’m sorry, but there isn’t any more coffee – Пожалуйста, налей мне немного больше кофе. –
Извини, но этого недостаточно.
4)
I’m sorry, but I didn’t have any time to prepare my lessons last night – Сожалею, но у меня
совсем нет времени готовить уроки в последнюю ночь.
5)
I didn’t have any stamps, so I
went to the post-office to buy some – У меня не было
марок, поэтому я сходил на почту
и купил несколько .
6)
Please, put some water in that
vase, the flowers are dying – Пожалуйста, налей в вазу
воды: цветы погибают.
7)
There are some famous museums
in that city but we didn’t have time to visit any – В этом
городе есть известные музеи, но у
нас нет времени посетить их.
8)
The doctor gave me some
medicine for my cough – Доктор
дал мне лекарство от кашля.
9) There aren’t any students in the room at the moment – В данный
момент в этой комнате нет студентов.
8. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной
и отрицательной
формах:
Образец: He told us something about his trip.
Did he tell us anything
about his trip?
He didn’t tell us
anything about his trip.
1) There is someone at the door. 2) You
left something on the hall table. 3) He will bring someone with him. 4) There
is somebody in the next room. 5) He has something important to say to you. 6)
There is something wrong with this telephone. 7) She gave us something to eat.
8) He spoke to somebody about it.
Ответ
1) There is someone at the door; Is
there someone at the door?; There isn’t someone at the door. 2) You left
something on the hall table; Did you leave something on the hall table?; You
didn’t leave something on the hall table.
3) He will bring someone with him; Will he bring someone with him?; He
won’t bring someone with him. 4) There
is somebody in the next room; Is there somebody in the next room?; There isn’t
somebody in the next room. 5) He has
something important to say to you; Has he something important to say to you? He
hasn’t something important to say to you.
6) There is something wrong with this telephone. Is there something wrong
with this telephone?; There isn’t something wrong with this telephone. 7) She gave us something to eat; Did she
give us something to eat?; She didn’t
give us something to eat. 8) He spoke
to somebody about it; Did he speak to somebody about it?; He didn’t speak to
somebody about it.