Forms of Ownership

large scale (the UK, France), privatization took place, for example, in the UK through: sales and free distribution of shares, contract for services, sale of public housing tenants; waiver from the state monopoly in order to promote competition. This process is lengthy. In Western Europe it lasted 10-15 years. Privatization was preceded by a lot of painstaking work. The basic directions: free transfer of property, the redemption of enterprises on preferential terms, the sale of shares, delivery companies in the rental, sale of small businesses at auctions, etc.

The objectives of privatization are associated with an increased efficiency of economic activities through market development and the formation of a layer of private owners, entrepreneurs, encouraging employers to increase the efficiency of enterprises, expansion of individual liberties and creating a competitive environment, attracting foreign investment, promotion of the economy’s democratization.

Privatization is aimed at social protection and development of social infrastructure by means of privatization.

The process of privatization in Kazakhstan started before the concept of privatization formed, and the concept of private property was recognized officially. As a result, there is a peculiar privatization of public financial resources. Change of ownership does not lead to effective management. In the economy the rule of natural monopolies firmly established, economic and financial crisis deepened. In this regard, the following actions are needed, which were previously used in other countries:

• a differentiated approach to privatization of large state facilities to establish an economic structure with a reasonable balance of small, medium and large enterprises, with a reasonable degree of competition between enterprises in different industries and with adequate participation of foreign investors;

• variety of ways to transfer public property into private hands, providing short-term loans with the guarantee of state enterprises whose activities are under qualified supervision, to finance the salaries and obligations to vendors, etc.

CONCLUSION

Property as an economic relationship began at the dawn of the human society. All the important forms of non-economic and economic compulsion to work hold on the monopolization of various property objects. Economic compulsion to work is based on the ownership of the conditions of production or ownership of capital. The social thought has always paid great attention to the issue of ownership. Special treatment to it can be found in history, philosophy and literature. Rich tradition and the material has been accumulated in the legal literature, in frames of which a number of directions in the study of property rights has established.

The property belongs to such concepts around which for centuries best minds of mankind have been crossed. In the socio-economic literature there is the widespread definition of property as the appropriation by an individual or group of production products within and through specific social form, or as a very social form itself through which the assignment takes place. Forms of property are different combinations of characteristics (powers). I have considered them, beginning from the simplest to the most complex.

As a result of my work, I have considered such an important issue as: privatization, exploring it in stages, and also used the experience of foreign countries. It can be concluded that privatization in Kazakhstan was carried out in a radical version of the character, scale, pace, timing and methods.

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