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1, 2 3 , , ..
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6- (-).
7- - ( ).
8- - .
9- - .
10- - ; .
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G(V,X)
. 1
1
G, G ( ) :
) V X, G(V,X);
) ;
) ;
) .
) G .
- . 1
) V={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
X={{0,1},{0,2},{0,3},{1,2},{1,4},{1,5},{1,6},{1,7},{2,3},{2,5},{3,8},{3,9},{4,5},{4,6},{5,3},{5,6},{5,8},{6,9},{7,8},{7,9},{8,9}}
.
) 0={1,2,3};
1={0,2,4,5,6,7};
2={0,1,3,5};
3={0,2,5,8,9};
4={1,5,6};
5={1,2,3,4,6,8};
6={1,4,5,9};
7={1,8,9};
8={1,3,5,7,9};
9={3,6,7,8};
) . )
0 |
1 |
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11 |
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2
D(G), R(G), Z(G) G ; , G.
D(G)=2
R(G)=2
Z(G)=10
G(V,X) .
3
G, :
) " ";
) " ".
- a.
)
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4
G. , a.
- 14.
: 000011000001111111.
5
a G.
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6
- , {G , a , w}. .
( ):
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
7-
:
, {6,9},{7,9},{3,9}, w, , {8,9}, 8, , , 8. - , w , .
12.
: {{0,1},{0,2},{0,3}}. 16
: {{6,9}, {7,9}, {3,9}, {3,8}, {5,8}, {7,8}}. 12.
7
( ) G.
) G . , G , .
) G . , G , .
G:
(3,6,4,5,3,6,4,3,4,4)
) , , 4 7.
: 0,3,2,0,1,2,5,1,4,5,6,1,7,4,6,9,7,8,9,3,8,5,3.
( ):
) ) {3,0}, ( - ). {3,0} , , {0,7} {4,3} .
: 0,3,2,0,1,2,5,1,4,5,6,1,7,4,6,9,7,8,9,3,8,5,3,0.
( ):
8
) G . , G , .
) G . , G , .
) ( ):
) ( ):
9
( ) x1, x2,...xn. xixj Vij . , () . , , . .
.
x1 |
x2 |
x3 |
x4 |
x5 |
x6 |
x1 |
¥ |
3 |
7 |
2 |
¥ |
11 |
x2 |
8 |
¥ |
06 |
¥ |
4 |
3 |
x3 |
6 |
05 |
¥ |
7 |
¥ |
2 |
x4 |
6 |
¥ |
13 |
¥ |
5 |
¥ |
x5 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
¥ |
5 |
x6 |
8 |
6 |
¥ |
2 |
2 |
¥ |
14
x1 |
x2 |
x3 |
x4 |
x5 |
x6 |
x1 |
¥ |
1 |
5 |
01 |
¥ |
7 |
2 |
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8 |
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01 |
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4 |
1 |
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6 |
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7 |
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1 |
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8 |
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01 |
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5 |
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01 |
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1 |
¥ |
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3 |
x6 |
6 |
4 |
¥ |
00 |
00 |
¥ |
2 |
2 |
x2-x3:
23 å=14+0=14
x1 |
x2 |
x4 |
x5 |
x6 |
x1 |
¥ |
1 |
01 |
¥ |
7 |
x3 |
6 |
¥
|
7 |
¥ |
06 |
x4 |
1 |
¥ |
¥ |
01 |
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x5 |
01 |
01 |
1 |
¥ |
00 |
x6 |
6 |
4 |
00 |
00 |
¥ |
23 å=14+1=15
x1 |
x2 |
x3 |
x4 |
x5 |
x6 |
x1 |
¥ |
1 |
5 |
01 |
¥ |
7 |
x2 |
7 |
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|
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3 |
03 |
1 |
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6 |
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1 |
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8 |
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01 |
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05 |
1 |
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x6 |
6 |
4 |
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23. x3-x6:
23E36 å=14+0=14
x1 |
x2 |
x4 |
x5 |
x1 |
¥ |
1 |
01 |
¥ |
x4 |
1 |
¥ |
¥ |
01 |
x5 |
01 |
01 |
1 |
¥ |
x6 |
6 |
¥
|
00 |
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2336 å=14+6=20
x1 |
x2 |
x4 |
x5 |
x6 |
x1 |
¥ |
1 |
01 |
¥ |
7 |
x3 |
01 |
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|
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|
6 |
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01 |
1 |
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07 |
x6 |
6 |
4 |
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2336. x4-x5:
23E3645 å=14+0=14
x1 |
x2 |
x4 |
x1 |
¥ |
1 |
01 |
x5 |
01 |
01 |
1 |
x6 |
6 |
¥
|
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233645 å=14+1=15
x1 |
x2 |
x4 |
x5 |
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1 |
01 |
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¥ |
¥ |
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|
1 |
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01 |
01 |
1 |
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6 |
¥
|
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233645. x5-x1:
23364551 å=14+1=15
23364551 å=14+6=20
x1 |
x2 |
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¥ |
1 |
01 |
x5 |
¥
|
01 |
¥
|
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0 |
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6 |
: 2,3,6,4,5,1,2.
:
10
( ) Knn x1, x2,...xn. y1, y2,...yn.. {xi,yj} vij . , ( ). .
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- , . . .
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0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
X |
x4 |
0 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
x5 |
1 |
4 |
3 |
5 |
0 |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
:
y1 |
y2 |
y3 |
y4 |
y5 |
x1 |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
x2 |
0 |
3 |
5 |
4 |
2 |
4 |
x3 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
x4 |
0 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
x5 |
1 |
4 |
3 |
5 |
0 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
:
y1 |
y2 |
y3 |
y4 |
y5 |
x1 |
6
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
x2 |
0
|
1 |
3 |
2 |
2
|
4 |
x3 |
3
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
x4 |
0
|
2 |
1 |
0 |
0
|
1 |
x5 |
1
|
4 |
3 |
5 |
0
|
5 |
2 |
3 |
:
= 12.
11
10, ( xi yj).
(). - xi , - yj. å=0
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
01 |
03 |
02 |
02 |
2 |
06 |
7 |
9 |
8 |
6 |
3 |
01 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
04 |
8 |
7 |
6 |
4 |
5 |
03 |
7 |
6 |
8 |
3 |
x2 - y1:
21 å=0+8=8
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
00 |
02 |
01 |
00 |
3 |
01 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
02 |
4 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
5 |
03 |
3 |
21 å=0+6=6
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
01 |
03 |
02 |
00 |
2 |
¥ |
1 |
3 |
2 |
01 |
6 |
3 |
01 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
04 |
8 |
7 |
6 |
4 |
5 |
03 |
7 |
6 |
8 |
3 |
21:
x4 - y1:
2141 å=6+4=10
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
00 |
02 |
01 |
00 |
2 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
01 |
3 |
01 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
5 |
03 |
3 |
2141 å=6+4=10
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
01 |
03 |
02 |
00 |
2 |
¥ |
1 |
3 |
2 |
01 |
3 |
01 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
¥ |
4 |
3 |
2 |
02 |
4 |
5 |
03 |
7 |
6 |
8 |
3 |
21:
x5 - y5:
2155 å=8+2=10
2 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
00 |
01 |
00 |
3 |
01 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
01 |
2 |
2155 å=8+3=11
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
1 |
00 |
02 |
01 |
00 |
3 |
01 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
02 |
5 |
1 |
01 |
2 |
¥ |
3 |
2155:
x3 - y2:
215532 å=10+0=10
: x1 - y3 x4 - y4. .
:
:
1. .. :-.: , 1991.-320.:.
2. . : . ./ . .. .-.: , 1960.-400 .
3. ., . : ./ . .. .-.: , 1965.-458 .
4. .. .-.: . , 1972.-551 .
5. .. ( ):-.:, 1976.-96.
6. .., .. :-.: , 1966.- 524 .
7. .. : . ./ . .. .-.: , 1973.- 312 .
8. .., .. ( ).-.: , 1964.-348 .
9. . : . ./ . .. , .. .-.: , 1981.- .1.-712 .
10. . : . ./ . .. , .. .-.: , 1981.- .1.-712 .
11. .., .. .-.: , 1983.- 216 .
12. . .: ./ . .. .-.: , 1975.- .2.- 431 .
13. .., .., .. . .-.: , 1978.- 175.
14. . : . . ./ . .. .- .: , 1984.- 224 .
15. . : . ./ . .. , .. .-.: , 1973.- 469 .
16. .., .., .. .- .:- , , 1986.- 326 .
17. . : . ./ . .. .- .: , 1974.-419 .
18. ., - . . : . ./ . .. . -.:- , 1972.- 240 .
19. ., - . : . ./ . .. .- .: , 1984.- 496 .
20. .., .. . ,- .:- , 1963.- 775 .
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