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2.1.5.980-00. . .
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( 14.1:2.11097), 0, 45 .
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- ( 14.1:2.4 95). - .
( 14.1:2395). - α . . pH-.
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( 14.1:2.9697). . . (pH=7-10), , Ag2.
- ( 14.1:2.112 97). - - , - - , .
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( 14.1:2.50 - 96). , , (3+) ( ), (2+) (3+) ( ).
( 14.1:2:3:4.123 97) . /³, .
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1000 . . , -2 2.966.021 (. ). , , .
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7 |
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6 |
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5
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5
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5
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(8 )
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, , , 2 7 . , . . .
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2. -
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, ˚ |
17 |
21 |
23 |
20 |
16, 0 23, 0 |
|
7, 8 |
7, 3 |
7, 9 |
8, 1 |
6, 5 8, 5 |
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2, 7, 3 8, 1, .
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3. , /3
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32, 390, 90 |
56, 431, 50 |
21, 940, 80 |
36, 581, 10 |
10, 45 |
|
22, 021, 30 |
39, 501, 50 |
15, 361, 20 |
26, 701, 10 |
6, 79 |
3, 1; 5, 4; 2, 1; 3, 5 . , . , , .
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. . , , . , , .
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3 , , : 1, 48, 2, 57, 1, 79 . 3, 24; 5, 82; 2, 26; 3, 9 .
, , - . 65 75% . , -, - , , , -, , .
. , , (NH4+ , N2-, N3-) ( . ) .
4. , / 3
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|
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0, 510, 03 |
0, 800, 01 |
0, 880, 05 |
0, 560, 02 |
0, 40 |
|
0, 180, 02 |
0, 270, 01 |
0, 410, 03 |
0, 280, 02 |
0, 08 |
|
12, 960, 92 |
20, 640, 85 |
21, 270, 79 |
11, 040, 67 |
40, 00 |
4, (0, 880, 13 / 3), : 1, 57 , 10 %, 1, 57 . 7, 5%, 27, 5 %; 2 ; 2, 2 . . . , , .
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5. , /3
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124, 212, 3 |
178, 14, 5 |
235, 818, 2 |
190, 652, 9 |
500, 0 |
|
52, 30, 7 |
115, 09, 4 |
264, 610, 8 |
121, 65, 1 |
300, 0 |
( ) |
1, 340, 01
|
2, 380, 01
|
3, 30, 01
|
1, 560, 02
|
0, 2
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5 , , , . 0, 2 /3, 3, 3 /3, 16, 5 . , , 6, 7; 11, 9; 7, 8 .
() . . , , . , , , .
6. , /3
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4, 80, 05 |
29, 10, 9 |
52, 73, 6 |
4, 90, 03 |
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. , , 7.
7. , /3
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0, 1200, 020 |
0, 1900, 010 |
0, 3500, 010 |
0, 2700, 010 |
0, 100 |
|
0, 0170, 001 |
0, 0180, 001 |
0, 0180, 001 |
0, 0170, 001 |
0, 010 |
|
0, 080, 001 |
0, 090, 002 |
0, 090, 001 |
0, 080, 001 |
0, 070 |
, : 1, 2 3, 5 , 1, 7 1, 8 , 35 % , - 18 %.
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8. ,
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5, 0000, 320 |
9, 1000, 130 |
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10 |
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20, 2501, 200 |
19, 3001, 100 |
16, 000 23, 000 |
|
7, 7800, 100 |
6, 9000, 300 |
6, 500 8, 500 |
, /3 |
36, 801, 500 |
22, 0801, 700 |
10, 450 |
, /3 |
25, 9001, 900 |
15, 0201, 800 |
6, 790 |
, /3 |
0, 6900, 010 |
0, 3800, 010 |
0, 400 |
, /3 |
0, 2800, 010 |
0, 1800, 010 |
0, 080 |
, /3 |
16, 500, 800 |
10, 7200, 500 |
40, 000 |
, /3 |
182, 2005, 100 |
153, 0007, 800 |
500, 000 |
, /3 |
138, 406, 300 |
103, 808, 100 |
300, 0 |
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2, 1400, 100 |
1, 4800, 100 |
0, 200 |
, 2/3 |
22, 900, 300 |
14, 000, 300 |
6, 000 |
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0, 2300, 001 |
0, 200, 002 |
0, 100 |
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0, 0170, 001 |
0, 0150, 001 |
0, 010 |
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0, 0760, 001 |
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16 |
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15 |
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10 .
10. -
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2 |
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18 |
8 |
3 |
12 |
20 |
10 |
> 28˚ ;
> 8˚
|
|
7, 9 |
7, 6 |
7, 8 |
8, 0 |
8, 0 |
7, 7 |
7, 9 |
8, 2 |
6, 5 8, 5 |
, 1 2 ˚. . .
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11.
|
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7, 10
0, 90
|
8, 10
0, 90
|
8, 60
0, 80
|
8, 40
0, 50
|
10, 65
0, 70
|
16, 20
1, 30
|
17, 20
1, 10
|
26, 04
1, 00
|
10, 45 |
, /3 |
4, 60
0, 10
|
5, 50
0, 30
|
6, 10
0, 20
|
5, 80
0, 10
|
7, 14
0, 70
|
11, 66
1, 20
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12, 04
0, 80
|
19, 00
0, 90
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12 .
12. , /3
|
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0, 180
0, 010
|
0, 250
0, 010
|
0, 310
0, 010
|
0, 230
0, 010
|
0, 210
0, 010
|
0, 300
0, 010
|
0, 340
0, 010
|
0, 260
0, 010
|
0, 400 |
|
0, 020
0, 001
|
0, 030
0, 001
|
0, 040
0, 001
|
0, 030
0, 005
|
0, 030
0, 001
|
0, 050
0, 001
|
0, 070
0, 001
|
0, 060
0, 001
|
0, 080 |
|
7, 630
0, 200
|
8, 240
0, 200
|
12, 110
0, 100
|
7, 980
0, 400
|
7, 60
0, 500
|
8, 520
0, 800
|
12, 550
0, 600
|
8, 140
1, 100
|
40, 000 |
, . - , . , .. . . . . , .
, , . 1, 5; 1, 7; 1, 8; 2 . , , .
. , +9 , +6 .
, ,
2NH4+ + 2 = + + 2NO2- + 22
, - , , , , , , .
, , .
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13. , /3
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0, 12
0, 001
|
0, 18
0, 002
|
0, 19
0, 001
|
0, 18
0, 002
|
0, 260
0, 010
|
0, 380
0, 020
|
0, 470
0, 010
|
0, 360
0, 010
|
0, 200 |
-
|
210, 0
8, 00
|
260, 0
9, 00
|
280, 0
7, 10
|
220, 0
9, 30
|
212, 0
8, 60
|
261, 00
10, 10
|
282, 00
11, 30
|
226, 00
10, 50
|
500, 00 |
|
167, 1
10, 2
|
173, 0
9, 80
|
164, 3
9, 20
|
180, 1
10, 4
|
170, 5
9, 7
|
175, 89
9, 80
|
168, 9
8, 50
|
184, 0
10, 10
|
300, 0 |
13, , 2, 2; 2, 1; 2, 5; 2 1, 3; 1, 9; 2, 4; 1, 8 , , , . . , , . , .
, . . .
14.
, 1, 07 . . 33; 51; 26; 27 %. , , , 8, 3; 35 8, 4 % .
14. , 2/3
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. -
|
4, 58
0, 10
|
5, 02
0, 20
|
7, 50
0, 10
|
5, 98
0, 2
|
6, 09
0, 20
|
7, 58
0, 10
|
9, 45
0, 10
|
7, 59
0, 20
|
7, 00 |
|
2, 16
0, 10
|
2, 09
0, 10
|
1, 75
0, 10
|
1, 68
0, 10
|
3, 79
0, 50
|
3, 65
0, 10
|
3, 64
0, 20
|
2, 54
0, 10
|
2, 00 |
.
|
6, 00
0, 10
|
6, 20
0, 20
|
6, 40
0, 10
|
6, 10
0, 20
|
5, 70
0, 20
|
4, 81
0, 30
|
6, 20
0, 40
|
6, 00
0, 20
|
<6, 00 |
, , , . , , . ().
14 3,
, 8 6, 5 % , - 1, 9, 1, 8 , , 27 %.
. , , , , . , , .
. 3.
, - , , . , , .
, , , .
, - 5; 19, 8 %.
- , , , . , , .
: Hg2+>Cd2+>Zn2+>Cu2+>Pb2+>Ni2+>Co2+>Sn2+>Ba2+>Fe2+>Mn2+>Sr2+>Mg2+>Ca2+ (, 1995).
. : - 63-99%, - 69-98%, Zn - 44-100%, Ni - 25-74%, Fe - 87-98% (Brown, Lester, 1979).
, .
15. , /3
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0, 050
0, 001
|
0, 090
0, 001
|
0, 170
0, 001
|
0, 120
0, 002
|
0, 080
0, 001
|
0, 100
0, 040
|
0, 220
0, 020
|
0, 190
0, 050
|
0, 100 |
|
0, 002
0, 0001
|
0, 001
0, 0002
|
0, 003
0, 0001
|
0, 003
0, 0001
|
0, 003
0, 0002
|
0, 002
0, 0001
|
0, 004
0, 0001
|
0, 004
0, 0002
|
0, 010 |
|
0, 003
0, 0001
|
0, 002
0, 0001
|
0, 002
0, 0001
|
0, 002
0, 0001
|
0, 004
0, 0001
|
0, 003
0, 0001
|
0, 003
0, 0001
|
0, 003
0, 0001
|
0, 070 |
, , ( 15).
- 0, 17 /3, 1, 7 , , 1, 2 . 2, 2 1, 9 , . (4, 65% ): 0, 000001%, - 0, 0005%. 0, 01-26, 0 /. 0, 01 /.
, . . , . , . . .
( ) . , .
, . . , , , .
, 2, 5 / .
- , , , .
, . , , , , . - .
, ( ) , . .
, , , ( ).
(), : , , , , , .
1, 34: - 1, 69.
, 3 .
, , , . , , , .
1. - , , .
2. , . 6, 7 , , , 11, 9; 16, 5; 7, 8 .
3. , , 8, 8 .
4. : 1, 2 3, 5 , 1, 7-1, 8 , 18-35 %.
5. , : 2, 91, 2, 21 , 2, 25, 7, 4, 3, , - 2, 3, 2, 1, 5, 8, 6 .
6. 1, 7- 3 .
7. .
8. 1, 3 2, 4 .
9. , 27 % 1, 9 .
10. 2, 2; 1, 9 .
17. 3 .
1. , .. , . - .: , 1987.-352 .
2. , . . . - .: -, 2004. - 159 .
3. , . . . - .: , 1977. - 137 .
4. , .. . - .: , 1987. - 375 .
5. , .. . - .: - . ., 1973. - 178 .
6. , . . : -. - . 2-. - /.: , 2002. - 576.
7. , . . . - : , 1978.-268 .
8. , .. . - .: , 1985. - 256 .
9. , .. . - : , 1990. - 165 .
10. , .. . - .: , 1989.-158 .
11. , .. . - .: , 1988. - 206 .
12. , .. . - .: , 1996. - 345 .
13. , . . . - . 4-. - .: 1969. - 179 .
14. , . . . - .: , 1965. - 289 .
15. , . . . - .: -, 2006.-218 .
16. , . . . - .: , 1959. - 215 .
17. , .. . - .: , 1994. - 276 .
18. , . . . - .: 1, 1975.-8 .
19. , . . . - .: , 1971. - 176 .
20. , . . . - . 3-. .: , 1966. - 168 .
21. , . . . - .: , 1961. - 193 .
22. , . . 1, .: , 1993. - 258 .
23. , .. : : . - 2- ., . - : , 1998. - 352 .
24. , . . . - . 2-. .: , 1963. - 149 .
25. , . . . - .: , 2003.-256 .
26. 2.1.5.980-00. . - .: , 2001.
27. , .. . - .: , 1992. - 259 .
28. , . . . - .: , 1989. - 204 .
29. , .. , .: , 1984. - 163 .
30. . . . . - .: , 1987. - 147 .
31. , .. . - .: , 1985. - 328 .
|