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Список литературы по разделу
1. What Institute is described in the text? 2. When was the Department of Biochemistry formed? 3. What department was started by Sir Raman in 1935? 4. When was the Department of Aeronautical Engineering established? 5. When did it become possible to improve and expand the existing departments? 6. In what way had the Institute contributed substantially to the scientific and industrial development of the country?
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
The largest and most diversified program of civil research in Canada is carried out by the National Research Council (NRC). Its laboratories are engaged in many investigations of interest to Canadian industry. Some are undertaken on the initiative of the council itself in order to develop promising ideas of its own scientists; some are taken up on recommendations of the Council's associate committees, which include representatives from industry who are interested in particular problems; and others are undertaken in co-operation with individual companies. Routine test work is avoided except when the Council is asked to certify performance of equipment as an independent body.
Each problem presented to the Council is considered on its merits and dealt with in what seems the most practical way: those of national interest may be undertaken at the expense of the Council; the expense of company problems of less than national scope may be shared by the company and NRC; when facilities are not available elsewhere, specific industrial research may be undertaken by NRC, the results of which become the property of the "company,
1. Where is the largest and most diversified program of civil research carried out in Canada? 2. How does the work of NRC contribute to Canadian industry? 3. In what way are the problems presented to the Council dealt with? 4. At what expense is the research on the problems carried out?
THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology has been an educational pioneer since its founding. It virtually created the modern profession of chemical engineering and was the first technological institution to recognize and provide for economics as an important element in the education of the engineer. The Institute was the first to establish courses in aeronautical engineering, architectural engineering, chemical engineering, food technology, industrial biology, marine engineering, and naval architecture.
The Institute is at present taking the leadership in upgrading and modernizing the education of engineers. Its Electrical Engineering Department has led the way by a drastic overhaul of its curriculum which embodies a more fundamental approach to electrical engineering. This spirit is now finding rapid acceptance through the School of Engineering.
At present the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has the most comprehensive and varied research programme in the physical sciences and technology to be found in any one place in the world. It has at present under way 900 separate research projects. There is scarcely any aspect of American science and technology that is not touched - and advanced - by its creative activity.
1. Has the MIT been an educational pioneer since its founding? 2. Where was the modern profession of chemical engineering created? 3. What was recognized as an important element in the education of the engineer? 4. What courses were established for the first time by the MIT? 6. How many separate research projects has the MIT under way at present?
Ex. 17. Read the following texts and render them into English using words and expressions studied in the section.
УНИВЕРСИТЕТЫ АНГЛИИ
Британские старейшие и знаменитые университеты Оксфорд и Кембридж были основаны в XII веке. Эти великие центры образования и пауки во многих отношениях придерживаются традиций прошлого, но они снабжены прекрасно оборудованными лабораториями и огромными библиотеками, насчитывающими тысячи томов. Основные предметы (дисциплины), которые преподаются в Оксфорде, включают древние языки, философию, историю, право, медицину, естественные науки и математику. Оксфорд уже с XIII века стал одним из важнейших университетов Европы. Что касается Кембриджа, то в конце XVII века, когда Ньютон был назначен в нем профессором математики, он стал знаменит своей обширной программой по этому предмету. А в 1871 году Максвеллом там была основана экспериментальная физическая лаборатория.
В настоящее время оба университета продолжают оставаться важнейшими центрами культуры и науки Англии.
ПУЛКОВСКАЯ ОБСЕРВАТОРИЯ
Расположенная на Пулковских высотах по линии Пулковского меридиана, Главная обсерватория Академии наук СССР пользуется всемирной известностью. Ее называют "астрономической столицей мира". Обсерватория была построена в 1830-х годах по проекту архитектора А. П. Брюллова. Со времени своего открытия в 1839 году обсерватория играла руководящую роль в русских геодезических работах, труды ее сотрудников по звездной астрономии получили международное признание. В годы войны фашисты варварски разрушили Пулково. Теперь обсерватория восстановлена, капитально реконструирована и снабжена новейшими приборами и оборудованием. В последнее время научные сотрудники много сделали для изучения космоса с помощью наблюдений за советскими искусственными спутниками Земли.
======================== PART III ========================
SCIENTIFIC GATHERING
Text 1
TWELFTH INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL CONGRESS
The International Astronautical Congress is an annual meeting of the interplanatory societies of the world. The meeting during October 1-7, 1961 in Washington, was the first occasion that the meeting had been held on the American continent. Of the 750 people registered, some 300 came from countries outside the United States. The president of the Astronautical Congress this year was Academician L. I. Sedov, of the USSR.
The opening ceremony was followed by a reception at the Boiling Air Base.
The technical sessions started at 9 a. m. on October 3. Undoubtedly, the most noteworthy paper of the morning was by A. G. Clarke, under the title "The Social Impact of Communication Satellites". This was presented during the Space Law Colloquium and attracted widespread attention.
The Space Law Colloquium continued in the afternoon and there was a session on energy conversion and yet another simultaneous session on astrodynamics. This last subject was treated as a round-table topic where a number of contributors made both prepared and unprepared comments.
On October 4 the round-table concept was continued with a discussion on the exploration of the solar system by radar and radio astronomy.
On October 5 the now traditional conference boat-trip was made down the River Potomac. This informal occasion probably gives more opportunity for relaxed
discussions between groups of experts than is possible in the more formal atmosphere of the conference hall. The congress reception was held in the evening and was addressed by Academician Sedov.
Exercises
Ex. 1. Read aloud the sentences below and translate them into Russian paying special attention to the parts in italics.
1. The International Astronautical Congress is an annual meeting. 2. The recent meeting was held in Washington. 3. Some 300 delegates came from countries outside the United States. 4. The president of the 12th Astronautical Congress was Academician Sedov. 5. The opening ceremony was followed by a reception. 6. The most noteworthy paper was presented by Clarke. 7. This paper attracted widespread attention. 8. There was a session on energy conversion and yet another simultaneous session on astrodynamics. 9. This last subject was treated as a round-table topic where a number of contributors made both prepared and unprepared comments. 10. The round-table concept was continued with a discussion on the exploration of the solar system by radar. 11. An informal occasion probably gives more opportunity for relaxed discussions between groups of experts than is possible in the more formal atmosphere of the conference hall.
Ex. 2. Answer the following questions.
1. How often are International Atronautical Congresses held? 2. When was the International Astronautical Congress held in America for the first time? 3. Who was the president of this congress? 4. What was the opening ceremony followed by? 5. Were there any simultaneous sessions held during this congress? 6. What paper attracted widespread attention during the first morning session? 7. When was the traditional boat-trip made? 8. What opportunities did it give to the delegates of the congress? 9. When was the reception held and who was it addressed by?
Ex. 3. Answer the following questions making use of the words in brackets and supplying a preposition if necessary.
Model:
a)
1. When was the conference held? (May).
2. The conference was held in May.
b)
1. When did you meet Dr. Green (last year).
2. I met him last year.
1. When was the congress held? (October 1-7). 2. When did the sessions start? (9 o'clock). 3. When was Dr. Glarke's paper presented? (the colloquium). 4. When was the Space Law Colloquium continued? (the afternoon). 5. When was the boat-trip made? (October 5). 6. When was the reception held? (the evening). 7. When do classes usually begin? (autumn). 8. When will the next lecture start? (3 o'clock). 9. When is he going to present his paper? (May). 10. When was this discussion held? (last week). 11. When do you usually have your English lesson? (the morning). 12. When did she make a trip to Armenia? (her holidays).
Ex. 4. Translate into English paying attention to the prepositions of time.
1. Конференция состоялась (was held) в прошлом году. 2. Экзамен состоится (is going to be held) в июне. 3. Банкет состоится 20 мая. 4. Дискуссия началась в 2 часа. 5. Коллоквиум продолжался (continued) во второй половине дня. 6. Я представлю свой доклад (present my paper) в будущем месяце. 7. Доклад будет прочитан во время коллоквиума. 8. Симпозиум проходил с 1 по 6 ноября. 9. Мы занимаемся английским языком по утрам.
Ex. 5. Say a few words about the program of the conference (symposium, colloquium, seminar) you recently attended, using such verbs as start, continue, hold, close and the corresponding time expressions.
Ex. 6. Make sure you understood the statements riglit by asking a question.
Model:
a)
1. The delegates came from different countries of the world.
2. Pardon me, what did you say? Where did the delegates come from?
b)
1. The reception was addressed by Academician Sedov.
2. Sorry, I didn't quite catch what you said. Who was the reception addressed by?
1. The opening ceremony was followed by a reception 2. The most noteworthy paper was presented by Dr. Clarke. 3. They waited for the end of the discussion. 4. The delegates were listening to Academician Sedov. 5. The last morning session started with a general discussion.
Ex. 7. Insert prepositions or adverbs where necessary and read the statements aloud.
A
1. The 12th International Astronautical Congress was held . . . October 1-7, 1961 . . . Washington. 2. The president . . . the congress . . . that year was L. I. Sedov. 3. The opening ceremony was followed . . . a reception.4. The technical sessions started . . . 9 o'clock . . . October 3. 5. The most noteworthy paper . . . the first morning was presented . . . A. C. Clarke. 6. This paper was presented . . . the Space Law Colloquium. 7. The colloquium began . . . the morning and continued . . . the afternoon. 8. Astrodynamics was treated . . . a round-table concept. 9. The exploration . . . the solar system . . . radar was discussed . . . October 4. 10. The traditional boat-trip made . . . Sunday gave good opportunities . . . relaxed discussions . . . groups . . . experts. 11. The congress banquet held . . . the evening was addressed . . . Academician Sedov.
B
12. The recent meeting . . . the Geographical Learned Society was held . . . last month. 13. It gave good opportunities . . . discussions . . . scientists . . . different parts . . . our country. 14. The exploration . . . the Far East was discussed . . . a special colloquium held . . . the second day. 15. A very interesting paper was presented . . . this colloquium . . . a young researcher . . . the Siberian research centre. 16. The colloquium was followed . . . a lively discussion. 17. The final session was addressed . . . the President of the Geographical Society. 18. She worked . . . a teacher . . . 1956-1965. 19. I shall be very busy . . . this morning, so let us meet . . . the afternoon.
Ex. 8. Insert words and expressions from the text so as to form antonymic pairs with those in italics. Answer these questions.
Model:
1. Did you discuss the same problem or a . . . one?
2. We discussed a different problem.
1. Will the discussion precede the lecture or . . . it?
2. Did the contributors make prepared or . . . comments?
3. Was the round-table discussion a formal or an . . . one?
4. Was the reception held on the first or on the . . . day?
Ex. 9. Answer the following questions using words and expressions from the text instead of those in italics.
Model:
1. When will the meeting of the learned society take placed
2. As far as I know, this meeting will be held next Monday.
1. Is the International Astronautical Congress a yearly meeting? 2. When did the sessions begin? 3. What was the theme of the most remarkable paper of the first morning? 4. Did Dr. Clarke's paper attract general attention? 5. Who spoke at the reception which took place on the last day? 6.^When will you submit your paper? 7. How long do your laboratory seminars last?
Ex. 10. React to the wrong statements below. Use such introductory phrases as: you are not right; I'm. afraid you are mistaken; you seem to be quite wrong; I can't agree. with you, etc.
Model: 1. As far as I know, Astronautical Congresses are national scientific gatherings held in the USA every three years. 2. I'm afraid you are wrong. Astronautical Congresses are annual meetings held in different countries. They are international gatherings for the delegates come from different countries of the world. It was only the 12th Astronautical Congress that took place in the USA, while all the previous ones were held elsewhere.
1. I believe the president of the 12th Astronautical Congress was an American. 2. If I am not mistaken, the opening ceremony was followed by a banquet addressed by the French delegate. 3. The paper presented by A. C. Clarke was not very interesting, was it? 4. If I am not mistaken, the congress closed on October 3. 5. I believe all the delegates left as soon as the technical sessions were over for there weren't any entertainments provided for them. 6. As far as I could gather from the text, there weren't any simultaneous sessions held during this congress, so that all the delegates could attend every session. 7. To my mind, the atmosphere of the conference hall gives very good opportunities for relaxed discussions between groups of experts.
Ex. 11. Use the following verb+noun combinations given in italics in translating the sentences below.
give a lecture (a reception, a talk, a translation)
1. Д-р П. прочел две лекции по генетике (on genetics)
2. Мне понравились лекции, прочитанные д-ром П.
3. Председательствующий устроил прием для делегатов конгресса. 4 Прием был дан в гостинице "Москва" (the hotel "Moskva"). 5. Профессор Н. выступил на открытии конгресса (in the opening session). 6. Речь, произнесенная профессором Н., привлекла всеобщее внимание. 7. Дайте перевод пятого предложения (sentence). 8. Вы дали очень хороший перевод этой статьи. 9. Сделанный им перевод не совсем точен (not quite exact).
hold a conference (a meeting, a discussion, an examination, a reception)
10. Конференция была проведена в июне. 11. Когда состоится собрание? 12. Дискуссия, проведенная на утреннем заседании (in (at) the morning session) привлекла всеобщее внимание. 13. Экзамен будет проведен 5 января. 14. Председательствующий выступил на банкете, устроенном в Доме ученых (the Scientists' Club).
make a comment (a contribution, a discovery, an experiment)
15. Это открытие было сделано в 1933 году. 16. Сделанное им открытие привлекло всеобщее внимание. 17. Морган внес большой вклад в генетику (into genetics). 18. Я не собираюсь (I am not going to) выступать с какими-либо замечаниями. 19. Сделанные профессором Д. замечания очень полезны (useful). 20. Сколько опытов вы проделали на прошлой неделе? 21. Проделанные нами опыты будут обсуждаться на семинаре, который состоится в понедельник (Monday).
Ex. 12. Translate into English.
A
1. Международные конгрессы по астронавтике являются ежегодными научными собраниями 2. Конгресс 1961 года был проведен в Вашингтоне. 3. Это был первый случай, когда такое собрание было проведено в Америке. 4. Председателем этого конгресса был академик Седов из СССР. 5. После открытия конгресса состоялся прием. 6. Секционные (here: technical) заседания начались в 9 часов утра 3 сентября. 7. Доклад Кларка, сделанный во время коллоквиума, привлек к себе широкое внимание. 8. Во второй половине дня было проведено несколько параллельных заседаний. 9. 4 октября была проведена дискуссия об исследовании солнечной системы с помощью радара и радиоастрономии. 10. 5 октября делегаты совершили поездку на пароходе по реке Потомак. 11. На банкете, который состоялся вечером, с речью выступил академик Седов.
B
12. Симпозиум по исследованию Луны и планет (the Moon and the planets) был проведен в октябре. 13. Этот симпозиум привлек к себе широкое внимание. 14. Во время симпозиума состоялось специальное заседание, посвященное исследованию Луны с помощью ракет (rockets). 15. Заседание началось в 10 часов утра и продолжалось во второй половине дня. 16 Профессор П. представил доклад под названием "Важность исследования Луны для будущего человечества" (the future of mankind). 17. После доклада состоялась дискуссия.18. Я должен представить диссертацию (thesis) в июне.19. Тема моей диссертации . . . . 20 Название моей диссертации . . . .
Ex. 13. Answer the following questions in detail so that these answers would make up a comprehensive account of your participation in the work of some scientific gathering.
1. Have you ever had an opportunity to be present at a large scientific meeting? 2. Was it a national or an international congress (conference, symposium)? 3. When and where was it held? 4. Who was its president? 5. What was the most noteworthy paper presented at this scientific meeting? 6. How long did this congress (conference, symposium) last? 7. How many simultaneous sessions were usually held on the same day? 8. Was there any banquet held after the final session? 9. Who spoke on that occasion? 10. Did you or any of your colleagues present papers at this congress (conference, symposium)? 11. Was your paper a success? 12. Was it discussed in detail? 13. Were there any discussions of general interest held during this congress (conference, etc.)? 14. What is your general impression of this congress (conference, etc.)?
Text 2
CHEMICAL WARFARE ON PLANT PESTS AND DISEASES
The First British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference was held at Brighton during November 7-9, 1961 under the presidency of Dr. H. G. Sanders, chief scientific adviser to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. It "was truly an international gathering, for of 470 delegates attending from official research stations. Government departments and manufacturing firms, nearly one-quarter came from fourteen countries overseas.
The conference consisted of ten successive sessions devoted to important present-day problems in plant pathology and their possible solutions by chemical means. During the first two days each session began with one or more introductory paper by authorities on the subject under discussion, and these were followed by brief reports of research in progress at various centres. The morning of the third day was given over to research reports on new insecticides and fungicides, and on novel formulations as well as new methods of applications. In the final session attention was directed to the problems involved in translating research into practice and in introducing insecticides and fungicides into agricultural practice both in Britain and overseas. In all, more than fifty papers or reports were presented from the research departments of official agricultural institutes and industrial firms, including a number from Holland, Germany and Italy.
Exercises
Ex. 1. Give an adequate translation of the sentences below paying special attention to the parts in italics.
1. The First British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference was held at Brighton under the presidency of Dr. Sanders, chief scientific adviser to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 2. It was truly an international gathering, for of 470 delegates nearly one-quarter came from fourteen countries overseas. 3. The conference consisted of ten successive sessions devoted to important present-day problems in plant pathology and their possible solution by chemical means. 4. Each session began with an introductory paper by an authority on the subject under discussion. 5. These were followed by brief reports of research in progress at various centres. 6. The morning of the third day was given over to research reports on new insecticides and on novel formulations. 7. In the final session attention was directed to the problems involved in translating research into practice and in introducing insecticides into agricultural practice. 8. In all, more than fifty papers or reports were presented from the research departments of official agricultural institutes and industrial firms, including a number from Holland, Germany and Italy.
Ex. 2. Answer the following questions.
1. When, where and under whose presidency was the first British Insecticide and Fungicide conference held?2. Why can it be considered an international gathering? 3. How many sessions did the conference consist of? 4. Were there any simultaneous sessions held during this conference? 5.What problems were the sessions devoted to? 6. Describe the order of each session during the first two days. 7. What was the order of the third morning session? 8. To what problems was attention directed in the final session? 9. How many papers and reports were presented in all? 10. Did all of them come from Great Britain?
Ex. 3. Answer the following questions. Note that we say: an authority (conference, discussion, lecture, boots, paper) on some subject.
Model:
a)
1. Does he know literature well?
2. Yes, he is an outstanding authority on Russian literature.
b)
1. The subject of the lecture was photosynthesis, wasn't it?
2. No, it wasn't. The lecture was on photo-respiration.
1. What was the theme of the conference? 2. The third morning session was devoted to plant growth, wasn't it? 3. What was the topic of the final discussion? 4. Is this book concerned with proteins? 5. Does chapter 3 treat amino acids? 6. What are your laboratory seminars devoted to? 7. What will your next paper deal with?
Ex. 4. Make sure you understood the statement right by asking a question. .Note that we say: a specialist (examination, course of lectures, lesson, classes) in a subject: specialize in some subject.
Model:
1. I missed my French lesson yesterday.
2. Did I get you right? You missed your lesson in French, didn't you?
1. John's speciality is genetics. 2. Ann has just passed her English examination. 3. I am going to take a course of lectures devoted to mathematics. 4. Last year I attended history classes.
Ex. 5. Insert prepositions in or on and read aloud the statements.
1. Professor Ivanov specializes . . . French literature. 2. He is an outstanding authority . . . Voltaire. 3. Last year I attended a course of lectures . . . history. 4. The lecture . . . Napoleon attracted widespread attention. 5. He has got an interesting book . . . computers. 6. The session . . . radio astronomy was held in the great conference hall. 7. We are going to take our examination . . . mathematics next month. 8. She has presented a paper . . . superfluidity.
Ex. 6. Translate into English using prepositions in or on.
1. Я посещаю курс лекций по истории. 2. Вы были на лекции о Байроне (Byron)? 3. Он сдал (passed) экзамен по физике два дня тому назад. 4. Профессор Смит является крупным специалистом (leading authority) no химии полимеров (polymer chemistry). 5. Урок химии начнется в 3 часа. 6. Они представили доклад об исследовании Луны (the explorations of the Moon). 7. Заседание, посвященное проблемам радиосвязи (problems of radiocommunication) началось в 9 часов утра. 10. Он написал книгу о малых планетах (minor planets).
Еx. 7. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. The subject under discussion is of considerable interest. 2. He made a report on research in progress at his laboratory. 3. The book in question was published two years ago. 4. The problem under investigation is of great Importance. 5. Special attention must be directed to the main subject under study. 6. The paper under discussion was presented from the Research Department of our Institute. 7. The theory in question was first advanced by Professor Bradford.
Ex. 8. Answer the following questions. Substitute attributive clauses by such attributes as: under discussion (consideration, study, investigation); in question; in progress.
Mоdel:
a)
1. Was the book you are referring to published last year?
2. No, the book in question was published a year ago.
b)
1. Who is an authority on the subject which is being discussed?
2. As far as I can judge, Dr. Brown is the greatest authority on the subject under discussion.
1. Did the problems which were being discussed attract general attention? 2. Were there any reports of the work which was being done at various research centres? 3. Are the methods which were being considered applied nowadays? 4. What are the most important problems which are being investigated at your laboratory? 5. Where can I get the book you have mentioned?
Ex. 9. Translate into English using the expressions: under / discussion {consideration, investigation, study}; in • progress; in question.
1. Рассматриваемая проблема имеет большое значение для ядерной физики (nuclear physics). 2. Расскажите нам об исследованиях, проводимых в вашей лаборатории. 3. Доктор Пирс - один из крупнейших специалистов по обсуждаемому вопросу. 4. Доклад, о котором идет речь, был представлен научно-исследовательским отделом нашего института. 5. Данная книга была опубликована в прошлом году. 6. Я хочу знать об исследовательской работе, которая ведется в этом научном центре. 7. Изучаемый вопрос представляет большой интерес для физиков.
Ex. 10. Say a few words about the problems under study at your laboratory, questions under discussion at your laboratory seminars and research in progress at your institute.
Ex. 11. Insert prepositions where necessary and read these statements aloud.
A
1. The conference was held . . . Brighton . . . November 7-9,1961 . . . the presidency . . . Dr. Sanders, chief scientific adviser . . . the Ministry . . . Agriculture. 2.Nearly one-quarter . . . the delegates attending . . . the conference came . . . abroad. 3. The conference consisted . . . ten sessions devoted . . . present-day problems . . . plant biology 'and their solution . . . chemical means. 4. . . . the first two days each session began . . . an introductory paper . . . an authority . . . the subject . . discussion. 5. These introductory papers were followed . . . reports devoted . . . research . . . progress . . . various centres. 6. . . . the final session attention was directed . . . the problems involved . . . translating research . . . practice. 7. Insecticides are being introduced . . . agricultural practice both . . . Britain and adroad.
В
8. It is very important to introduce these new chemicals . . . everyday practice. 9. Are you sure problems involved . . . translating research . . . practice can be solved . . . these means? 10. Their reports were devoted . . . research . . . progress . . . various research centres. 11. The opening session began . . . a discussion . . . reports presented . . . outstanding authorities . . . this subject. 12. The discussion began . . . introductory remarks . . . the president . . . the congress. 13. All our attention must be directed . . . the problem . . . consideration. 14. The book . . . discussion consists . . . ten chapters devoted . . important present-day problems . . . nuclear research. 15. Last year I attended . . . a symposium. . . nuclear research held . . . the presidency . . . Academician K.
Ex. 12. Confirm the statements below. Substitute words and expressions from the text for those in italics.
Model 1:
1. I believe that this conference was an international meeting.
2. Yes, you are quite right. This conference was truly an international gathering for nearly one-quarter of the delegates came from abroad.
1. In my opinion, the sessions were concerned with important present-day problems. 2. I believe that every session started with an introductory paper by an authority on the subject which was being discussed. 3. As far as I know, those introductory papers were followed by short reports of research which was being conducted at various centres. 4. If I am not mistaken, over 50 papers and reports were submitted. 5. I was informed that the recent symposium on polymer chemistry contained 5 sessions following one another. 6. To my knowledge, almost 100 people were present at this meeting.
Ex. 13. Insert words and expressions from the text so as to form antonymic pairs with those in italics. Answer these questions.
Model:
1. Was it a national or an . . . conference.
2. It was an international conference for many delegates came from abroad.
1. Did the conference consist of simultaneous or . . . sessions? 2. Were most of the papers concerned with the theory or the . . . of agriculture? 3. Was the research under discussion conducted by private or by . . . centres? 4. Was the opening or the . . . session devoted to practical problems? 5. Were most of the reports detailed or . . . ?
Ex. 14. React to the wrong statements below using some of the following introductory phrases: you are not (quite) right you are mistaken; you. seem to be wrong; I can't agree with you.
Model:
1. The First British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference was held under the presidency of Dr. Brown, head of the Agricultural Research Station at Brighton, wasn't it?
2. I'm afraid you are mistaken. This conference was held under the presidency of Dr. Sanders who was at the time chief scientific adviser to the British Ministry of Agriculture.
1. If I am not mistaken, the First British Insecticide Conference was a purely national scientific gathering. 2. I believe that both simultaneous and succesive sessions were devoted to the problem of plant growth. 3. As far as I could gather from the text, each session began with a general discussion. 4. To my mind, in the final session attention was directed to problems of theoretical interest. 5. As far as I know, all the papers read at this conference were presented from private firms.
Ex. 15. Translate into English.
A
1. Первая Британская конференция по инсектицидам состоялась в Брайтоне в 1961 году. 2. Конференция была проведена под председательством доктора Сандерса. 3. Конференция состояла из 10 последовательных заседаний. 4. Заседания были посвящены важный современным проблемам патологии растений и решению их химическим путем. 5. В течение первых двух дней каждое заседание начиналось с вводного доклада специалиста по данному вопросу. 6. За вводным докладом следовали краткие сообщения об исследованиях, которые ведутся в различных научно-исследовательских центрах. 7. На последнем заседании особое внимание было обращено на вопросы, связанные с внедрением в практику результатов научных исследований. 8. Всего научно-исследовательскими отделами государственных институтов и промышленных фирм было представлено более 50 докладов.
В
9. Моя диссертация посвящена важным современным проблемам теоретической физики. 10. Она состоит из трех глав (chapters). 11. Первая глава является вводной.
12. В этой главе я обсуждаю теории, выдвинутые (advanced) ведущими специалистами по данному вопросу.13. Во второй главе описываются результаты исследования, которое я провел в прошлом году. 14. В это? главе я упоминаю (mention) также и исследования, которые проводятся в других институтах. 15. Последняя глава посвящена вопросам, связанным с практическим применением результатов моего исследования. 16. Профессор Н. является крупнейшим специалистом по болезням растений (plant pathology). 17. В прошлом году я присутствовал на международном симпозиуме по физике. 18. Он был проведен под председательством академика Н. 19. Научные собрания такого рода очень важны. 20. Они обычно проводятся в крупных научно-исследовательских центрах при колледжах.
Ex. 16. Say a few words about a laboratory seminar you have recently attended. Mention the order of the day, the main topics discussed, the possible practical application of the results obtained, etc.
Text 3
FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF BIOCHEMISTRY
The Fifth International was held during August 10-dency of Academician A. I. Congress of Biochemistry -16, 1961 under the presidency of Academician A. I. Oparin. The number of registered participants, about 4500 together with an additional 1000 or so guests of the Organizing Committee, was larger than at any previous congress, and it seems that each congress, from the first, which was held in Cambridge in 1949, to the present one in Moscow, attracts more and more workers who are interested in one or many aspects of the broad subject of biochemistry.
The congress held its opening ceremony in the impressive Palace of Sports and the session closed with a masterly lecture by Professor G. E. Green. The plenary session was followed by a most enjoyable concert given by the Moscow Symphony Orchestra.
The scientific programme which followed included a series of symposia, and between two and three thousand original contributions. The main congress symposia were held in the large assembly hall of the University or in auditoria of ample seating capacity and were well attended. The main speakers in these sessions were allowed up to 40 minutes to develop their subject and the subsequent speakers 15 minutes, a half to three-quarters of an hour being set aside at the end of the session for discussion. The time proved to be adequate" and the discussions were usually lively. The arrangements for simultaneous translations in these meetings were excellent. Pre-prints of the main congress lectures and of the contributions to the symposia were available to participants before the meeting.
Probably the largest part of the scientific programme was associated with the activities of the 28 sections. Each section had its own interpreter, and language difficulties were thereby reduced to a minimum. Abstracts of the short communications were available in the form of a separate book and where the text was submitted in Russian, an English translation was also provided.
There was a useful display of scientific apparatus originating from 14 countries, and an attractive exhibition of modern books dealing with all aspects of biochemistry and published in many different countries.
Most of those attending the congress were accomodated in the student quarters of the University or in two of the largest hotels in Moscow, hotel "Ukraine" and hotel "Moskva". Transport between the University and hotels was well maintained throughout by excellent bus service. Academician Oparin gave a series of receptions
to the participants of the congress. There was a series of interesting tours arranged by Intourist.
The Fifth International Congress of Biochemistry was the largest congress yet held in the USSR. The closing plenary session was especially noteworthy for the outstanding and informative lecture on "Proteins, their Function and Structure" given by Professor F. Sorm. This was followed by a number of short addresses of appreciation by delegates from several countries, after which the president closed the proceedings and formally announced that the next congress would be held in New York in July 1964.
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