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be v.; past sg. was, pl. were; past part. been 1) быть, существовать 2) на-
ходиться; бывать where are my books? - где мои книги? are you often in town? -
часто ли вы бываете в городе? I have never been to the Caucasus - я никогда не
был на Кавказе 3) происходить, случаться Admission exams are once a year in
autumn. - Приемные испытания проводятся один раз в год осенью. 4) стоить How
much is it? - Сколько это стоит? 5) в составном именном сказуемом является
глаголом-связкой he is a teacher - он учитель I am cold - мне холодно 6) как
вспомогательный глагол служит а) для образования длительной формы: I am
reading я читаю; б) для образования пассива: such questions are settled by the
committee подобные вопросы разрешаются комитетом 7) как модальный глагол с
последующим инфинитивом означает долженствование, возможность, намерение I am
to inform you - я должен вас известить he is to be there now - он должен быть
там сейчас - be about - be above - be above oneself - be above one - be above
one's head - be abreast of - be after - be against - be ahead - be ahead of -
be along - be amiss - be around - be at - be at attention - be at a dead end -
be at each other's throats - be at ease - be at ease - be at an end - be hard
at work - be at home - be at it - be at loggerheads - be at a loss - be at
odds - be at pains - be away - be back - be before - be behind - be behind
bars - be behind the times - be below - be beneath - be beneath contempt - be
beneath smb.'s dignity - be beneath smb.'s notice - be beside - be beside
oneself - be beside the point - be between - be beyond - be beyond endurance -
be beyond a joke - be beyond one's ken - be beyond question - be beyond
redemption - be down - be down as - be down for - be down for the count - be
down on - be down on one's luck - be down to - be down with - be down in the
dumps - be down in the mouth - be for - be hip to - be in - be in at - be in
for - be in for it - be in for trouble - be in on - be in on the ground floor
- be in with - be in accord with - be in harmony with - be in collision with -
be in line with - be inside - be into - be off - be off to - be off with - be
on - be on about - be on at - be on with - be onto - be onto a good thing - be
out - be out for - be out from - be out in - be out in force - be out in large
numbers - be out in strength - be out of - be over - be over and done with -
be past - be round - be through - be under - be up - be up against - be up for
- be up for grabs - be hard up for - be up to - be with - be within - be
without - how are you? - be going - let be - be oneself I've been there coll.
- все это уже известно you've been (and gone) and done it coll. - ну и надела-
ли вы дел Syn: see exist
be a bad sailor плохо переносить качку на море
be a good sailor хорошо переносить качку на море
be a price leader econ. диктовать цены (на рынке, бирже и т. п.)
be a unit amer. быть единодушным
be about а) касаться, иметь отношение What is your new book about? б) де-
лать, осуществлять What are you about? I'm about my business. в) быть побли-
зости There's nobody about, you'd better come back later. Jim is about
somewhere, if you'd like to wait. в) кружиться, двигаться вокруг чего-л. Where
have you been? I've just been about the town. г) собираться (c inf.) he is
about to go он собирается уходить д) быть занятым чем-л. е) быть на ногах,
встать ж) быть в большом количестве Do dress warmly, there are a lot of colds
about just now. Be careful how you drive, there are small rocks about in this
area. Are there many gold coins about now?
be about to собираться
be above а) быть выше, чем что-л., кто-л. There's a branch above you - can
you reach it? б) быть в большем количестве, чем что-л., кто-л. The number of
students in each class must not be above twenty. в) иметь более высокий ранг
The captain of a ship is above a seaman. г) быть безупречным, вне подозрений,
выше критики Her action during the fire was above reproach. The chairman's
decision is not above criticism.
be above one быть слишком сложным для чьего-л. понимания I wanted to hear
the speaker, but most of what he said was above my head, so I fell asleep.
be above one's head быть слишком сложным для чьего-л. понимания I wanted to
hear the speaker, but most of what he said was above my head, so I fell
asleep.
be above oneself быть в возбужденном, взволнованном состоянии The children
have been above themselves ever since the rain stopped.
be abreast of а) быть наравне с кем-л., чем-л. Jim was abreast of the
leading runner for a few minutes but then fell behind. б) быть в курсе дела
Scientists have to be abreast of the latest discoveries and developments if
they want to advance in their profession.
be accorded permission получить разрешение сделать что-л.
be after а) быть позже, чем что-л. (о времени) It's quite dark, it must be
after 10 o'clock. б) преследовать кого-л. Why is the dog running so fast? He's
after rabbits. Quick, hide me, the police are after me! в) стараться получить
что-л. Jim is after another job. Don't marry him, he's only after your money.
The old man is always after borrowing money. г) журить, бранить; ругать She's
always after the children for one thing or another She's been after me for a
year to buy her a new coat.
be against а) противостоять кому-л., чему-л. Driving without seat belts may
soon be against the law. Father was against (his daughter) marrying young. б)
противоречить чему-л. Lying is against my principles. It's against nature to
wear high shoes.
be ahead быть впереди (особенно в соревновании), опережать And now Oxford
are ahead, they're leading by three lengths. Jane used to have difficulty with
her school work, but she's been ahead for several months now.
be ahead of быть впереди кого-л., чего-л., опережать кого-л., что-л. For a
few minutes Jim was ahead of all the other runners, until his greatest
competitor passed him. That boy is always ahead of his fellows. A great
painter is usually ahead of his time.
be all beat up очень уставать You go ahead and leave me here, I'm all beat
up.
be all right а) быть в порядке; б) чувствовать себя хорошо
be allied to быть тесно связанным с; иметь общие черты (с)
be along приходить Jim will be along (to the meeting) in a minute.
be amiss (о событии) быть неожиданным, выдающимся The doctor said there was
nothing amiss with her.
be angry with smb. сердиться на кого-л.
be anxious for success стремиться к успеху
be around а) находиться поблизости Jim is around somewhere, if you'd like
to wail. Will you be around this time next year? б) наличествовать в большом
количестве Do dress warmly, there are a lot of colds around just now.
Motorists are being warned that there is thick mist around in the hills. в)
быть популярным The singer you mentioned is still around, though not so
well-known now. That song has been around for many years. г) иметь сексуальный
опыт You can see that she's a woman of the world - she's been around!
be at а) намереваться What would you be at? Каковы ваши намерения? б) ру-
гать; настойчиво просить кого-л. She's always at the children for one thing or
another. She's been at me for the past year to buy her a new coat. в) осу-
ществлять что-л. активно Jim has been at his work for hours. г) быть популяр-
ным/модным You must get your clothes in the King's Road, that's where it's at.
д) трогать, брать что-л. чужое Who's been at my things again? е) атаковать ко-
го-л. Our men are ready, sir, all armed and eager to be at the enemy.
be at a dead end быть в безнадежном состоянии, не иметь шансов на продвиже-
ние After days of arguing, the peace talks are now at a dead end.
be at a loss быть неспособным сказать/сделать что-л. The shock was so great
that for a moment I was at a loss for words. We were at a loss to know what to
do when the jewels were stolen.
be at an end кончаться My patience is at an end, I can listen to her
complaints no longer.
be at anchor стоять на якоре
be at attention mil. стоять по стойке "смирно" Do you call that being at
attention? Stand up straight, man!
be at each other's throats набрасываться друг на друга Don't let those dogs
off their chains or they'll be at each others throats in minutes! It wasn't
long before the two leading politicians were at each other's throats as usual.
be at ease mil. стоять в положении "вольно" Tell the men to be at ease,
captain.
be at gaze находиться в состоянии замешательства, быть в изумлении
be at grass пастись, быть на подножном корму; fig. coll. быть на отдыхе, на
каникулах; быть без дела
be at home находиться дома I'm sorry, Mr Baker is not at home; can I take a
message? If the minister calls, tell him I'm not at home. I'm not at home to
any travelling salesmen. Mr and Mrs Fox will be at home to their friends on
Thursday evening from 7.30.
be at it плохо себя вести Those children are at it again, I'll have to stop
them!
be at loggerheads иметь резкие разногласия The chairman and his committee
are still at loggerheads, and it seems impossible for them to reach an
agreement.
be at odds быть несогласным с кем-л., чем-л. It's good to be at one with my
husband after that terrible quarrel. We're so pleased that Jim and Mary are at
one again.
be at one's wit's end стать в тупик; не знать, что делать
be at pains делать что-л., что приносит большие неприятности I could hardly
refuse the gift after she had been at such pains to make it.
be at play играть; they are at play они играют;
be at the pains прилагать усилия; брать на себя труд, стараться;
be at variance а) расходиться во мнениях; находиться в противоречии; б)
быть в ссоре
be away а) уложить в (какое-л.) место When all your toys are away, I will
read you a story. б) уходить We must try to be away by 8 o'clock. в) от-
сутствовать So many children are away this week with colds. г) везти, уда-
ваться; иметь большой шанс на успех Since he won all that money at the races,
he's been well away! If the directors agree to a meeting, we're away! д) заду-
маться, погрузиться в свои мысли Jim is away in a world of his own these days.
be back а) возвращаться I'll be back when you least expect me. б) вновь
входить в моду Long skirts will be back next year. в) положить что-л. на преж-
нее место When I returned from the police station, the jewels were back in
their box; the thieves must have got frightened and replaced them.
be badly off быть в трудном положении, нуждаться
be before а) быть, жить раньше, чем что-л., кто-л. King Henry VII was
before Queen Elizabeth I. б) предшествовать чьему-л. рождению No, I don't
remember that film, it was before my time. During the war - but that was
before your time, of course-it was difficult to get enough eggs. в) обвиняться
Peter has been before the court again on a charge of driving while drunk.
be behind а) находиться, лежать на задней стороне чего-л. Your letters are
behind the clock, where I always put them. б) опаздывать, приходить позже, чем
остальные All the children came running in together, except Dick, who was
behind as usual. в) не выполнять вовремя денежных обязательств If your
payments are behind, the court may take back the goods. If you are behind
in/with your payments, the court may take back the goods. г) отставать в учебе
Jane is always top of her class, but Dick is often behind. д) служить причиной
What's behind his offer?
be behind bars находиться в тюрьме How can he get a job after being behind
bars for so long?
be behind schedule запаздывать
be behind the times быть старомодным (в отношении идей) She really cares
for the children, but some of her teaching methods are badly behind the times.
You're behind the times, my dear, everyone talks like that nowadays!
be below а) находиться на более низком уровне, чем что-л. The room where
the wine is kept is below ground level. The hotel is on the upper floors, and
the shops are below. б) быть в меньшем количестве, чем что-л. The coat was
below fifty dollars! My class was below ten students this year. в) иметь более
низкий ранг, чем что-л. A captain is below a major. By joining the army late,
he found that he was below many men much younger than himself. г) быть хуже,
чем что-л. I'm disappointed in your work; it is below your usual standard. д)
находиться в помещении корабля The captain was out in the bad weather but we
were below where it was dry and warm.
be beneath а) находиться ниже чего-л., кого-л. The home of a rabbit is
usually beneath the ground. б) быть позорным для кого-л. Cheating at cards is
beneath me. I should have thought it was beneath you to consider such an
offer.
be beneath contempt иметь невысокие моральные качества There is no excuse
for him - his cruel treatment of his family is beneath contempt.
be beneath smb.'s dignity быть позорным для кого-л. Asking Jim to marry her
was beneath Mary's dignity. It was beneath Mary's dignity to ask Jim to marry
her.
be beneath smb.'s notice быть недостойным внимания Don't let what Jack said
worry you; that man's opinion of your performance is beneath your notice.
be beside находиться рядом с кем-л., чем-л. Your shoes are beside the
chair. You shall be beside me in the church.
be beside oneself быть в возбужденном, взволнованном состоянии Mary was
beside herself with joy when she heard the good news. When Peter lost the
race, he was beside himself with anger.
be beside the point быть неважным, несвязанным You decided to come home for
your own reasons; the fact that it rained is beside the point.
be better off быть богаче
be between находиться между чем-л., кем-л. The bank is between the shoe
shop and the post office. In this photograph, I'm between Fred and my mother.
be between ourselves, be between you and me, be between you, me, and the
gatepost являться секретом Remember that everything I've told you of the
firm's plans is between ourselves. There is news that the Minister is to leave
is to leave, but that's between you, me, and the gatepost.
be beyond а) находиться за чем-л. или вне пределов чего-л. The deer is
beyond the trees. I can't shoot it from this distance. The valley where we
live is beyond the mountains. б) не подлежать чему-л., выходить за рамки, пре-
делы чего-л. The soldier's brave deed was beyond the call of duty. Calling
spirits from the dead proved to be beyond the magician's powers. The hospital
says that the general is beyond medical help and will soon die. I'm afraid
this old piano is now beyond repair so we'd better get rid of it. в) быть
больше, чем что-л. The amount of money that I won was beyond all my hopes. г)
быть слишком сложным для кого-л. I'm afraid this book's beyond me; have you an
easier one? The children tried to build a hut in the garden, but the work was
beyond them and they had to ask their mother to help. It's beyond me which
house to choose, they're both so nice! Now that he's older, Jim's father feels
that he is beyond running the business on his own, and wants to employ someone
to help him on busy days.
be beyond a joke становиться слишком серьезным Your continual lateness is
now beyond a joke; if you're not on time tomorrow, you will he dismissed.
be beyond control выйти из подчинения
be beyond endurance быть невыносимым Your rudeness is beyond
endurance-kindly leave my house!
be beyond hope быть в безнадежном положении
be beyond one's ken быть слишком трудным для чьего-л. понимания The details
of different kinds of life insurance are quite beyond my ken, so I have to
take the advice of professionals.
be beyond question быть верным, истинным You can't possibly think Sheila
took your watch; her honesty is beyond question.
be beyond redemption быть окончательно погибшим In spite of all their
efforts to put things right, it looks as if their relationship is beyond
redemption. Is the state of the nation truly beyond redemption?
be biassed against иметь предубеждение против кого-л.
be blue хандрить
be bound up in быть занятым чем-л. I'm sorry I couldn't meet you, I was
bound up in committee meetings. His interests are completely bound up in his
wife and family.
be bound up with быть связанным с чем-л. The future of the island is bound
up with the fortunes of the ruling power.
be cold зябнуть, мерзнуть I am cold мне холодно
be confined рожать
be consumed on the premises продается распивочно
be continued продолжение следует
be convulsed корчиться в конвульсиях
be deceived in обманываться в ком-л. We've been deceived in that boy, we
thought his behaviour was improving, but now it's worse than ever.
be demented сходить с ума
be( mentally) deranged сойти с ума, быть сумасшедшим
be diplomatic дипломатничать
be down а) спускаться утром из своей спальни Is Mary down yet? Her eggs are
getting cold. б) сократиться, снизиться (о цене, количестве) The price of milk
should be down next week. Unemployment figures are down from last year. Bank
rates will be down another point by next month. в) записаться Make sure
everything you've agreed is down on paper before you leave the meeting. Your
contract says you must work at least 40 hows a week. it's down here in black
and white.
be down as быть записанным в качестве кого-л., чего-л. I see you're down as
a singer, is that right? Why am I down as belonging to the other group?
be down for а) записаться для чего-л. (особенно для участия в соревновании)
Both the girls are down for the third race
be down for the count быть в нокауте (бокс) I think the young fighter is
down for the count, yes, it's all over! Last time he was only down for a count
of three.
be down in the dumps быть несчастливым Mother was beginning to feel better,
but she's down in the dumps again.
be down in the mouth быть несчастливым Mother was beginning to feel better,
but she's down in the dumps again.
be down on а) сердиться, ругаться The teacher is always down on the slower
students. The director was down on Jim this morning for being late again. б)
быстро найти (ошибку) Be careful with the report you send to the director, as
he'll be down on any little mistake in a moment!
be down on one's luck находиться в тяжелом положении What are friends for,
except to help you when you're down on your luck for a short time?
be down to израсходовать I was down to my last penny when at last I found a
job. Thanks so much, I was down to my last cigarette.
be down with болеть Jane was down with a cold last week, so she didn't come
to work.
be driven to distraction быть доведенным до безумия
be drunk on the premises продается распивочно
be drunk to the premises допиться до чертиков
be fast asleep крепко спать
be fearsome внушать опасения/страх
be for стоять за кого-л., что-л., поддерживать You are for the chairman's
plan, aren't you? Yes, I'm all for it. No, I'm for keeping the old methods.
be for sale продаваться
be gazetted mil. быть произведенным; быть назначенным
be going собираться (с inf. часто придает значение будущего времени) the
clock is going to strike часы сейчас будут бить
be hard aboard стоять вдоль борта (другого корабля)
be hard at work усердно работать I see the men are still hard at work -
when do you think the digging will be finished? I like the classroom best when
all the children are hard at work on ideas that they have chosen themselves.
be hard up for нуждаться, не иметь средств You must be hard up for ideas if
you're using that old joke in the show!
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