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 % К (более 80). 5. Moving Average Convergence
 Divergence (MACD)
 
 
 
 
  - две линии показателей среднего движения курса, колеблющиеся выше и ниже нуля. Первая линия (Conv.) отмечает разницу между
 показателями среднего курса (MACD W), а вторая является
 экспонентным показателем среднего курса первой линии (MACD), т.е.
 сигнальной линией. Если MACD W пересечет сигнальную линию
 сверху, то возникает сигнал покупки. Если пересечение произойдет с
 противоположной стороны - то возникает сигнал продажи. Чем
 пересечение дальше от нуля, тем прогноз надежнее. 6. Moving Average Crossover
 
 
 
 
  - пересечение скользящих средних с коротким и длинным периодом образует две линии показателей среднего движения курса.
 Если курс с коротким периодом падает ниже курса с длинным периодом и оба курса снижаются, то образуется сигнал продажи. Если курс короткого периода пересекает курс длинного периода снизу и оба курса поднимаются вверх, то образуется сигнал покупки. 7. Bollinger Bands
 
  - линии, наносимые на график выше и ниже скользящей средней цен
 закрытия. Верхняя и нижняя линии сближаются при спокойной
 конъюнктуре рынка и расходятся с ростом колебания цен. 8. Directional Movement Index - индекс, образуемый четырьмя индексами и указывающий на силу
  тренда.
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Momentum oscillators are technical indicators which measure the change in prices over a given time period. These indicators are very useful in trendless or sidewavs trending markets, as well as in trading band conditions. They can also help in oinoointing the turn in trends, whether they be intra-day, weekly, or very long term in nature. During a trending period though, the trend will tend to dominate any signals given by the momentum oscillator. There are three important indications to look for in all momentum oscillators: direction. extreme values and divergence from prices.
 Direction
 Momentum oscillators track prices verv well. and can actually lead price direction bv one to two periods. The direction Vocabulary
 ae 'value - ценность, цена, сумма
 э: divergence - отклонение
 i: to'lead - упреждать
 crossover - пересечение that momentum oscillators are moving in thus corresponds to the direction in which prices will potentially move. Longer term versus shorter term momentum oscillator analysis provides indication of price direction as well. This is similar to the use of long and short term moving averages for determining nrice direction, in that cross overs are very important. A longer term momentum oscillator is one that uses a larger time period. relative to a medium term momentum oscillator. For example, a 21-day Stochastic would be considered a long term momentum oscillator, compared to a 9-day stochastic, and a 10-bar hourly stochastic would be considered a longer term stochastic in comparison to a 5-bar hourly stochastic. As a rule: "The longer term momentum oscillators have less volatility and thus they will not be subject to the number of false
  signals that the shorter term momentum oscillators are, making a case for using them in conjunction with each other. The same effect can be generated bv smoothing a same time period oscillator, in effect slowing it down. In this case, a moving average of a momentum oscillator can be compared to the underlying momentum oscillator, and give similar cross over signals as using the longer term/shorter term indicators. EXTREME VALUES An extreme value in the momentum oscillator occurs, when peaks and troughs are evident in the momentum oscillator chart. When the momentum oscillator reaches an extreme value, the trend in prices will generally flatten, and there is potential for a reversal of the prior trend. However, the prevailing trend of price direction is still the major trading factor, and momentum oscillators reaching extreme values is usually a pause in the trend. Areas of extreme value are called overbought levels at momentum oscillator peaks, and oversold levels at momentum oscillator troughs. Both the Relative Strength Index and the Stochastic indicator have predetermined levels where the underlying instrument is considered to be overbought or oversold, but as peaks tend to occur at higher levels in bull markets, troughs at lower levels in bear markets, the use of predetermined levels for overbought/oversold signals is not encouraged. Other momentum oscillators such as the Net Change Oscillator (NCO) or Rate of Change Indicator (ROC) display peaks and troughs as well, but there are no predetermined valuation levels which give overbought/oversold indications. DIVERGENCE As prices and momentum oscillators usually trend in the same direction, and momentum oscillators can be used for the timing of price turns, divergence in direction is an important sianal. Divergence occurs when prices continue to trend higher (or lower) and momentum oscillators turn in the opposite direction. This is most significant at new price highs or lows, but keep in mind that chart patterns such as double tops, head and shoulders, etc. can occur when divergence is seen, and one should wait for penetration of kev suooort. or resistance, in order to confirm this turn in the trend. Divergence can be used to tighten stops, or as a strong warning signal that the prevailing trend could be reversing. These three indications are verv important in using momentum oscillators, as used in conjunction with each other thev can help in determining trends and turning points. MOVING AVERAGE SPREADS (MAS) The formula of the moving average spread is: MAS = shorter moving average - longer moving average Example: (4-day MA) - (18-day MA), or (5-week MA) - (20-week MA). Moving average spreads are derived by taking the difference between two moving averages. Usually one of the moving averages is a short term moving average, while the other can be intermediate, or long term. This difference, or spread, is plotted and used as a momentum oscillator. л 'underlying - основной of 'trough - нижняя точка (поддержка) i: 'peak - высшая точка (сопротивления) QT dl 'prior - предшествующий e spread - разница, разрыв pre-set - заранее установленный ae 'magnitude - величина, значение
  signals that the shorter term momentum oscillators are, making a case for using them in conjunction with each other. The same effect can be generated bv smoothing a same time period oscillator, in effect slowing it down. In this case, a moving average of a momentum oscillator can be compared to the underlying momentum oscillator, and give similar cross over signals as using the longer term/shorter term indicators. EXTREME VALUES An extreme value in the momentum oscillator occurs, when peaks and troughs are evident in the momentum oscillator chart. When the momentum oscillator reaches an extreme value, the trend in prices will generally flatten, and there is potential for a reversal of the prior trend. However, the prevailing trend of price direction is still the major trading factor, and momentum oscillators reaching extreme values is usually a pause in the trend. Areas of extreme value are called overbought levels at momentum oscillator peaks, and oversold levels at momentum oscillator troughs. Both the Relative Strength Index and the Stochastic indicator have predetermined levels where the underlying instrument is considered to be overbought or oversold, but as peaks tend to occur at higher levels in bull markets, troughs at lower levels in bear markets, the use of predetermined levels for overbought/oversold signals is not encouraged. Other momentum oscillators such as the Net Change Oscillator (NCO) or Rate of Change Indicator (ROC) display peaks and troughs as well, but there are no predetermined valuation levels which give overbought/oversold indications. DIVERGENCE As prices and momentum oscillators usually trend in the same direction, and momentum oscillators can be used for the timing of price turns, divergence in direction is an important sianal. Divergence occurs when prices continue to trend higher (or lower) and momentum oscillators turn in the opposite direction. This is most significant at new price highs or lows, but keep in mind that chart patterns such as double tops, head and shoulders, etc. can occur when divergence is seen, and one should wait for penetration of kev suooort. or resistance, in order to confirm this turn in the trend. Divergence can be used to tighten stops, or as a strong warning signal that the prevailing trend could be reversing. These three indications are verv important in using momentum oscillators, as used in conjunction with each other thev can help in determining trends and turning points. MOVING AVERAGE SPREADS (MAS) The formula of the moving average spread is: MAS = shorter moving average - longer moving average Example: (4-day MA) - (18-day MA), or (5-week MA) - (20-week MA). Moving average spreads are derived by taking the difference between two moving averages. Usually one of the moving averages is a short term moving average, while the other can be intermediate, or long term. This difference, or spread, is plotted and used as a momentum oscillator. л 'underlying - основной of 'trough - нижняя точка (поддержка) i: 'peak - высшая точка (сопротивления) QT dl 'prior - предшествующий e spread - разница, разрыв pre-set - заранее установленный ae 'magnitude - величина, значение
 
 signals that the shorter term momentum oscillators are,
 making a case for using them in conjunction with each other.
 The same effect can be generated bv smoothing a same
 time period oscillator, in effect slowing it down. In this case, a moving average of a momentum oscillator can be compared to the underlying momentum oscillator, and give similar cross over signals as using the longer term/shorter term indicators.
 EXTREME VALUES
 An extreme value in the momentum oscillator occurs,
 when peaks and troughs are evident in the momentum oscillator chart. When the momentum oscillator reaches an extreme value, the trend in prices will generally flatten, and there is potential for a reversal of the prior trend. However, the prevailing trend of price direction is still the major trading
 factor, and momentum oscillators reaching extreme values is usually a pause in the trend. Areas of extreme value are called overbought levels at momentum oscillator peaks, and oversold levels at momentum oscillator troughs. Both the Relative Strength Index and the Stochastic indicator have predetermined levels where the underlying instrument is considered to be overbought or oversold, but as peaks tend to occur at higher levels in bull markets, troughs at lower levels in bear markets, the use of predetermined levels for overbought/oversold signals is not encouraged. Other momentum oscillators such as the Net Change Oscillator (NCO) or Rate of Change Indicator (ROC) display peaks and troughs as well, but there are no predetermined valuation levels which give overbought/oversold indications.
 DIVERGENCE
 As prices and momentum oscillators usually trend in the
 same direction, and momentum oscillators can be used for the timing of price turns, divergence in direction is an important sianal. Divergence occurs when prices continue to trend higher (or lower) and momentum oscillators turn in the opposite direction. This is most significant at new price highs or lows, but keep in mind that chart patterns such as double tops, head and shoulders, etc. can occur when divergence is seen, and one should wait for penetration of kev suooort. or resistance, in order to confirm this turn in the trend. Divergence can be used to tighten stops, or as a strong warning signal that the prevailing trend could be reversing.
 These three indications are verv important in using
 momentum oscillators, as used in conjunction with each other thev can help in determining trends and turning points.
 
 MOVING AVERAGE SPREADS (MAS)
 The formula of the moving average spread is:
 MAS = shorter moving average - longer moving average
 Example: (4-day MA) - (18-day MA), or
 (5-week MA) - (20-week MA).
 Moving average spreads are derived by taking the
 difference between two moving averages. Usually one of the moving averages is a short term moving average, while the other can be intermediate, or long term. This difference, or spread, is plotted and used as a momentum oscillator.
 
 
 
  'underlying - основной of 'trough - нижняя точка (поддержка) i: 'peak - высшая точка (сопротивления) QT dl 'prior - предшествующий e spread - разница, разрыв

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Список литературы по разделу